Yes, we really are that fast! [34][35] Slowly the Allies were forced to give ground and by February 10 they had been pushed out of the salient. On February 16 at a high level conference hosted by Alexander and attended by Mark W. Clark and Henry Maitland Wilson, commander Allied Force Headquarters it was decided to appoint two deputies under Lucas, Lucian Truscott and the British Major-General Vyvyan Evelegh. The Fifth Army's attack on the Gustav Line began on January 16, 1944, at Monte Cassino. As the Allied force used its strong right arm to punch its way from the southern front toward the Hitler Line, the left arm, which for several weeks had been gathering strength within the confines of the Anzio beachhead, remained flexed for a sharp hook against General Mackensen's Fourteenth Army, keeping vigil over the beachhead. However, the 5th Army did not have the troops nor the means to transport them. [32], From February 5 to February 7 both sides employed heavy artillery concentrations and bombers to disrupt the other side and at 21:00 on February 7 the Germans renewed their attack. My father was killed at Anzio with the 1st Bn The Duke of Wellington’s Regiment from the British 1st Div. His plan therefore was relying on the southern offensive drawing Kesselring's reserves in and providing the Anzio force the opportunity to break inland quickly. The point of the landing was to turn the German defences on the Winter Line, taking advantage of their exposed rear and hopefully panicking them into retreating northwards past Rome. Linda, The 14th Battalion Sherwood Foresters was raised in 1940 at Markeaton Park in Derby. It proved to be quite easy to organise an amphibious landing at short notice – but quite another to breakout of the small bridgehead that was then established. Area of operations, late May 1944. To be first in Rome was a poor compensation for this lost opportunity. They overran the 167th Brigade, of the recently arrived 56th (London) Division, and virtually destroyed X Company of the 8th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers, which was reduced from around 125 down to a single officer and 10 other ranks and Y Company was down to one officer and 10 men. Initially Shingle was to release these assets by January 15. You can order records in advance to be ready for you when you visit Kew. [57] On May 6, Clark informed Truscott that "..the capture of Rome is the only important objective and to be ready to execute Turtle as well as Buffalo". Four days later it became the first Allied unit to pass through Rome. Operation Diadem, also referred to as the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino or, in Canada, the Battle of the Liri Valley, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allies of World War II (U.S. Fifth Army and British Eighth Army) in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. In the evening, the Allies turned ninety degrees to the left. [10] However, Clark's final orders stated "... 2. Mussolini also founded the five cities destroyed by the battle. Noted military historian John Keegan wrote, "Had Lucas risked rushing at Rome the first day, his spearheads would probably have arrived, though they would have soon been crushed. [60], Mackensen had been convinced that the Allies' main thrust would be up the Via Anziate, and the ferocity of the British feint on May 23 and 24 did nothing to persuade him otherwise. It endured a prolonged barrage of shrapnel, machine-gun fire and bombs. to break out of the beachhead, the Germans gathered troops to eliminate what Adolf Hitler called the "Anzio abscess." The VI Corps could also have cut Highway 6 and then put much more pressure on the 10th Army than it actually did.[73]. On the night of 11-12 May, the Fifth and Eighth Armies launched their long-awaited spring offensive against the Gustav Line, finally capturing Cassino and breaking the Gustav Line by 15 May. On the British side the 24th Guards Brigade of British 1st Infantry Division was replaced in the first week of March by 18th Infantry Brigade (from British 1st Armoured Division in North Africa). The terrain of central Italy had proved ideally suited to defense, and Field Marshal Albert Kesselring took full advantage. Some of the Germans in dugouts had to be dragged out with only part of their clothes on, completely unready for battle. DATE: [1948]. : At Anzio, Italy the disastrous Battle of Cisterna took place, as MG John P. Lucas sent Darby's Rangers to begin the breakout from the beachhead. Unknown to the Americans, 36 German battalions had gathered around Cisterna in preparation for their counter-attack against the Allies at Anzio. The gun crew fought back with shellfire and shot down five German planes.[23]. Agreeing, Clark canceled the operation, but Prime Minister Churchill revived it. Clark did not feel he had the numbers on the southern front to exploit any breakthrough. The marsh was bounded on one side by the sea and on others by mountains: the Monti Albani, the Monti Lepini, the Monti Ausoni and further south the Monti Aurunci (where the allies had been brought to a halt before Monte Cassino). It was also intended to trap the bulk of the German 10th Army between the Allied forces advancing through the Gustav Line and VI Corps thrusting inland from Anzio.
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